----- Original Message -----
From: g87
To: Letters
Sent: Sunday, March 25, 2012 1:13 PM
Subject: Be warned Federal Labored Labor:
Be warned Federal Labored Labor
Be
warned Federal Labored Labor: your troglodites and that atavistic world's best
treasurer should be made aware that his favourite abused term 'vested interests'
is merely a trite, childish example of communism / socialism.
Indeed
the terms are intertwined: remember what the USSR stood for?
Only
a social - justice derivative of Lenin's useful idiots would fail to realize
that these are indeed economically irrational ideas: the politics of envy.
Only in Wayne's kindergarten world could a major party proudly promulgate so
many hundreds of asinities - yet be proudly described as 'passing
legislation.'
Yea,
he proudly announces extreme leftist ideas: t'is indeed the proletariat's excuse
for a 100 year plan of global lunacy. AKA climate tax.
In
case Gillard's cadres ever get an original viable idea - here is a troika to
help with more.
- Intelligent, informed people rail against the taxing of hot air.
- Trading hot air as a purported deliverable, permit based commodity is pathetic and worse.
- And try to tell the truth once in a while.
If
you do not heed these salient words we may have to contemplate a new opposition
party.
GS
Geoff Seidner
13 Alston Grove
East St Kilda 3183
03 9525 9299
Troglodyte
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 | Look up troglodyte in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Troglodyte may refer to:
- Homo troglodytes, an invalid taxon coined by Carl Linnaeus to refer to a legendary creature
- Caveman, a stock character based upon widespread concepts of the way in which early prehistoric humans may have looked and behaved
- Troglodytae or Troglodyti, an ancient group of people from the African Red Sea coast
- Troglodites, a fictional tribe described in Montesquieu's Persian Letters, supposedly descending from the ancient Troglodytae
- Troglodyte (Dungeons & Dragons), a race of humanoid monsters in the game Dungeons & Dragons
- Troglodyte, 2009 film also known as Sea Beast
- "Troglodyte (Cave Man)", a funk song by the Jimmy Castor Bunch on their 1972 album It's Just Begun
Troglodytes may refer to:
- Troglodytes (wren), a genus of small bird
- The common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes
- Troglodytes (book), a 2010 book by Ed Lynskey
[edit]See also
- Trog (disambiguation)
- Troglobite, a cave animal
 | This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
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Atavism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Atavistic" redirects here. For the record label, see Atavistic Records. For the Slough Feg album, see Atavism (album). For the Otep album, see Atavist (album).
Atavism is the tendency to revert to ancestral type. In biology, an atavism is an evolutionarythrowback, such as traits reappearing which had disappeared generations before.[2] Atavisms can occur in several ways. One way is when genes for previously existing phenotypicalfeatures are preserved in DNA, and these become expressed through a mutation that either knock out the overriding genes for the new traits or make the old traits override the new one. A number of traits can vary as a result of shortening of the fetal development of a trait (neoteny) or by prolongation of the same. In such a case, a shift in the time a trait is allowed to develop before it is fixed can bring forth an ancestral phenotype.[3]
In the social sciences, atavism is a cultural tendency—for example, people in the modern era reverting to the ways of thinking and acting of a former time. The word atavism is derived from the Latin atavus. An atavus is a great-great-great-grandfather or, more generally, an ancestor.
Contents[hide] |
[edit]Examples
Evolutionarily, traits that have disappeared phenotypically do not necessarily disappear from an organism's DNA. The gene sequence often remains, but is inactive. Mathematically, such an unused gene has a reasonable probability of remaining in the genome in a functional state for around 6 million years, but after 10 million years it is almost certain that the gene will no longer function.[4] As long as the gene remains intact, a fault in the genetic control suppressing the gene can lead to it being expressed again. Sometimes, dormant genes can be induced to be expressed by supplying the stimuli artificially.
Examples observed include:
- Hind legs on whales[2] or snakes
- Hind fins on dolphins[2]
- Extra toes on horses, as in archaic horses[5]
- Re-emergence of sexual reproduction in Hieracium pilosella and Crotoniidae[6]
- Teeth in chickens[7]
[edit]Examples in humans
Atavisms have been observed in humans as well. Babies have been born with a vestigial tail, called "coccygeal process", "coccygeal projection", and "caudal appendage".[2] It can also be evidenced in humans who possess large teeth, like those of other primates.[8] In addition a case of "Snake Heart" has also been reported in medical literature.[9]
- Humans with extra nipples (Accessory breast)[1]
- Humans with large canine teeth[1]
[edit]Atavism in history
During the interval between the acceptance of evolution and the rise of modern understanding of genetics, atavism was used to account for the reappearance in an individual of a trait after several generations of absence. Such an individual was sometimes called a "throwback". The term is often used in connection with the unexpected reappearance of primitive traits in organisms.
The notion of atavism was used frequently by social Darwinists, who claimed that inferior races displayed atavistic traits, and represented more primitive traits than their own race. Both the notion of atavism, and Haeckel's recapitulation theory, are saturated with notions of evolution as progress, as a march towards greater complexity and superior ability.
In addition, the concept of atavism as part of an individualistic explanation of the causes of criminal deviance was popularised by the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso in the 1870s. He attempted to identify physical characteristics common to criminals and labeled those he found as atavistic, 'throwback' traits that determined 'primitive' criminal behavior. His statistical evidence and the closely related idea ofeugenics have long since been discredited, but the concept that physical traits may affect the likelihood of criminal or unethical behavior in the individual strangely still has some scientific support.[10]
The notion that somehow, atavisms could be made to accumulate by selective breeding, or breeding back, led to breeds such as the Heck cattle. This had been bred from ancient landraces with selected primitive traits, in an attempt of "reviving" the extinct aurochs.
[edit]Cultural atavism
The term atavism is sometimes also applied in the discussion of culture.[11] Some social scientists[who?] describe the return of older, "more primitive" tendencies (e.g. warlike attitudes, "clan identity", anything suggesting the social and political atmosphere of thousands of years ago) as "atavistic". "Resurgent atavism" is a common name for the belief that people in the modern era are beginning to revert to ways of thinking and acting that are throwbacks to a former time. This is especially used by sociologists in reference to violence.[citation needed]
The neo-pagan subculture also uses this same terminology ("atavism" or "resurgent atavism") to describe how modern, Western countries are experiencing both the decline of Christianity and the rise of religious movements inspired by the pagan religions of centuries past. Some cite the rise of environmentalism, scientific inquiry, and liberalization of society as contributing to an increasingly secular society, one in which religious sentiments are more frequently tied with an appreciation of the physical world rather than set against it.[citation needed]Occasionally, the use of these terms in reference to "alternative" spirituality or in an occult context implies the use of violence to assert these changing religious views–for example, in the book Lords of Chaos a rash of church burnings across Scandinavia has been described as a part of this trend because many of the perpetrators were self-described "pagans" seeking to overthrow what they deemed to be centuries ofreligious oppression by Christianity.
Atavism is a key term in Joseph Schumpeter's explanation of World War I in 20th century liberal Europe. He defends a liberal view of international relations that an international society built on commerce will avoid war because of war's destructiveness and comparative cost. His reason for WWI is termed "atavism", in which he claims the vestigial governments in Europe (the German Empire, Russian Empire,Ottoman Empire, and Austro-Hungarian Empire) pulled the liberal Europe into war, and that the liberal structure of the continent did not cause it. He used this idea to say that liberalism and commerce would continue to have a soothing effect in international relations, and that war would not arise in nations who are built on commercial ties.
Hunter S. Thompson used the phrase "atavistic endeavor" in many of the pieces he wrote and the phrase is still strongly associated with him.
[edit]See also
[edit]References
- ^ a b c "Multi-cell Organisms" . Universe-review.ca. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ a b c d TalkOrigins Archive. "29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: Part 2" . Retrieved 2006-11-08.
- ^ Held, L. (2009). Quirks of Human Anatomy, an Evo-Devo Look at the Human Body. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-73233-8.
- ^
- REDIRECTTemplate:Cite pmid/
- ^ Tyson, R.; Graham, J. P.; Colahan, P. T.; Berry, C. R. (2004). "Skeletal atavism in a miniature horse". Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association 45 (4): 315–317.PMID 15373256 .
- ^ Domes, K.; Norton, R. A.; Maraun, M.; Scheu, S. (2007). "Reevolution of sexuality breaks Dollo's law" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (17): 7139–7144. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700034104 . PMC 1855408 . PMID 17438282 .
- ^ David Biello (2006-02-22). "Mutant Chicken Grows Alligatorlike Teeth" . Scientific American. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ "What our tails tell us" . Los Angeles Times. 2007-02-15. Retrieved 2009-03-08
- ^ Walia, I.; Arora, H. S.; Barker, E. A.; Delgado Rm, 3.; Frazier, O. H. (2010). "Snake Heart: A Case of Atavism in a Human Being" . Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital 37 (6): 687–690. PMC 3014134 .PMID 21224948 .
- ^ Haselhuhn, M. P.; Wong, E. M. (2011). "Bad to the bone: Facial structure predicts unethical behaviour". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1193 . PMID 21733897 .
- ^ An example of this usage of the term can be found in Friedrich A. Hayek (1978). "The Atavism of Social Justice". New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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